Research Advances in Escherichia coli K1 Penetration Across Blood-brain Barrier

E.coli K1 strain is a representative strain of neonatal sepsis and meningitis, which causes disease by blood circulation to the brain. The molecular mechanism of E.coli K1 that adhering and invading the brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) and cross the blood brain barrier (BBB) has been focused on by many scholars. In this review, we focused on the gene regulation mechanisms and signaling pathway of E.coli K1 crossing the blood brain barrier to understand the molecular mechanism of the infection caused by E.coli and provide reference for prevention and treatment programs.     

Research Progress on Immunoglobulin of Yolk in the Prevention and Treatment of Various Diseases

Immunoglobulin of yolk (IgY) refers to the specific antibodies from the immune eggs, is the most important immunoglobulin in the yolk,which has the characteristics of stable chemical properties, high yield, low cost, high specificity and no toxic side effects, there was no cross serological reaction among animals breeds because of a long distance. IgY has a significant advantage in animal and human disease prevention and treatment. In this research,we reviewed the application of structural characteristics, physicochemical property and action mechanism of IgY in prevention treatment of animal disease and developing prospect, especially in the treatment of animal diseases, such as diarrhea and acute treatment of animal spirit, harm, large virus disease; zoonosis seriously endanger the safety of human property; Other aspects such as aquaculture, animal fur and other major diseases. IgY could effectively prevent and treat animal diseases, but also reduce the possibility of zoonosis, which will be of great significance for the protection of personal safety.     

农业科研单位编制外用工的管理策略

编制外用工是农业科研单位普遍存在的用工形式。本文阐述了农业科研单位编制外用工的特点，分析了编制外用工存在问题及原因，提出从规范用工管理方式、强化考核管理、拓宽发展空间等方面提高编制外人员的工作积极性，提升编制外用工人力资源管理的效能，促进单位发展。     

Effect of Human Menopausal Gonadotropin,17β-estradiol and Epidermal Growth Factor on the Quality of in vitro Maturation Bovine Oocytes

For optimizing in vitro maturation system of bovine oocytes,we firstly examined the influence of four different hormonal regimes(FSH+LH,HMG,FSH+LH+E₂ and HMG+E₂) on oocyte maturation rates.Then we studied the effects of epidermal growth factor (EGF) in the above defined medium on bovine oocyte maturation,in vitro development and quality of parthenogenetic embryos.The cell apoptotic index of parthenogenetic blastocysts was detected by TUNEL.No significant difference was observed in maturation rates in four groups supplemented with different hormones.However,human menopausal gonadotropin (HMG) provided steady maturation results in replicates.Maturation of oocytes was promoted by supplementation with 17β-estradiol (E₂).Combination of HMG and E₂ gave rise to steady and efficient mature results.The presence of EGF at 30 ng/mL concentration significantly increased maturation rate and blastocyst rate and reduced apoptotic cells in parthenogenetic blastocysts.Therefore,the optimal oocyte maturation solution could be supplemented with 0.075 IU/mL HMG,1 μg/mL E₂ and 30 ng/mL EGF.     

人工增雨(雪)所用催化剂对环境和人体健康的影响

通过对人工影响天气所用催化剂种类、作用原理的系统分析,得出其对环境和人体健康不会造成危害的结论。     

中国土壤上的沉默权分析

沉默权起源于17世纪的英国，因为制度的先进性和理论的合理性后被广为推崇。我国学界对中国是否应该引入沉默权展开了激烈的讨论。从中国沉默权的立法现状着手，论证了在中国土壤下建立沉默权的可行性，并在建构这项制度方面提出了自己的建议。     

Human behaviour: the key source of uncertainty in fisheries management

There is broad consensus that the main problem facing fisheries globally is too many boats chasing too few fish. Unfortunately it is also possible to argue that there are too many proposed solutions and not enough practical answers to improving fisheries management. There is a deepening divide between those who propose alternative regulatory controls on fishers, including establishing large areas permanently closed to fishing, and those who argue for better alignment of incentives combined with broad participation of resource users in fishery management decisions (in simple terms, between top down and bottom up systems of governance). However despite the choice of policy instruments used, a consistent outcome is that resource users behave in a manner that is often unintended by the designers of the management system. Hence whilst uncertainty is broadly recognized as a pervasive feature of fisheries management, to date most of the attention has focussed on only part of that uncertainty – scientific uncertainty about the status of exploited resources. The effect of uncertainty generated on the human side of fisheries science and management has received much less attention. However, the uncertainty generated by unexpected resource user behaviour is critical as it has unplanned consequences and leads to unintended management outcomes. Using empirical evidence of unexpected resource user behaviour and reviewing current responses to unexpected management outcomes, we identify different approaches that both improve prediction of human behaviour in fisheries systems and identify management measures that are more robust to these sources of uncertainty. However, unless the micro scale drivers of human behaviour that contribute to macro scale implementation uncertainty are communicated effectively to managers and considered more regularly and in greater depth, unanticipated responses to management actions will continue to undermine management systems and threaten the sustainability of fisheries.     

企业人力资本投资风险的理论分析与对策探讨

企业是以追逐利润为目的的经济组织,为了提高员工的生产能力,提高经济效益,一般都会对员工进行人力资本投资。企业人力资本投资具有与政府公共人力资本投资和个人人力资本投资不同的特点,主要表现为追逐利润动机明确、出资主体较单一、投资方式较简单、投资风险大。造成企业人力资本投资风险的因素是多方面的,企业必须采取一定的对策措施减少人力资本投资收益的不确定因素,降低投资风险。     

高原鼠兔干扰对高寒草地碳循环的影响研究进展

高原鼠兔(Ochotona curzoniae)是青藏高原的关键种,其干扰导致高寒草地下垫面形成植被和裸地斑块镶嵌共存的景观格局,加剧了植被生产力和土壤有机碳的空间异质性分布,改变了生态系统碳交换过程。为了增进对高原鼠兔干扰在高寒草地碳循环中作用的认识,本文综述了高原鼠兔干扰对高寒草地生态系统有机碳储量和碳交换的作用过程和影响机制。总结出采食、堆土和挖掘是高原鼠兔直接影响高寒草地的主要方式,同时堆土和挖掘也是高寒草地秃斑化的潜在诱因,秃斑侵蚀、扩张以及本身的热岛效应也会对高寒草地生态系统功能产生影响。尽管高原鼠兔挖掘活动促进了土壤养分循环有利于生态系统有机碳的累积,但是堆土以及与高原鼠兔干扰相关联的秃斑化也会引起潜在的有机碳流失。高原鼠兔挖掘洞穴打破了生态系统原有的碳交换平衡,加速了CO₂通过鼠兔洞道扩散排出,而堆土和秃斑化后植被物种组成改变,地上、地下生物量分配格局的变化以及土壤暖干化是生态系统碳交换发生改变的主要原因。基于现有研究进展,未来的研究需要重点关注大尺度高原鼠兔干扰对生态系统有机碳储量的量化评估,以及耦合生态系统碳储量和碳收支的综合研究。     

母乳中VA与婴幼儿健康研究进展

母乳中含有多种VA,如视黄醇、β-胡萝卜素、β-隐黄质、α-胡萝卜素、番茄红素及叶黄素等,且母乳初乳、过渡乳和成熟乳中VA的含量不同,但总体上VA含量随着泌乳期的延长而降低。如母乳中含量最高的VA视黄醇,其在初乳、过渡乳、成熟乳中的含量分别为478～1 920、440～1 270、178～825 μg/L。母乳中VA含量除受泌乳时间影响外,还与地域、乳母膳食及母乳脂肪含量等有关。本文重点介绍不同国家/地区母乳中VA的种类、含量、影响因素及其健康作用（视觉健康、免疫健康和生长发育等）,以期为婴幼儿配方乳粉的发展提供参考。